Author: Natarajan Manivasakam language: en Publisher: Release Date: 2011 PDF Download Practical Boiler Water Treatment Handbook Books For free written by Natarajan Manivasakam and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Technology & Engineering categories. PARTIAL CONTENTS - PART - I. BOILER BASICS - Chapter 1. Boiler - An Introduction - Chapter 2. Classification of Boilers - Chapter 3.
Common Terms and Explanation - PART - II. BOILER WATER TROUBLES - Chapter 4. Impurities in Water and Their Effects - Chapter 5. Boiler Water Troubles - A Prelude - Chapter 6.
Scale Formation - Chapter 7. Silica Carryover - Chapter 8. Scale Formation in Economizers - Chapter 9. Super Heater and Turbine Deposits - Chapter 10. Corrosion - Basic Information - Chapter 11.
General Corrosion (Overall Corrosion / Acidic Corrosion) - Chapter 12. Dissolved Oxygen Corrosion (Pitting Corrosion) - Chapter 13.
Carbondioxide Corrosion - Chapter 14. Corrosion caused by Unstable Salts - Chapter 15. Corrosion caused by Other Substances - Chapter 16. Corrosion caused by Chelants (Chelant Corrosion) - Chapter 17. Caustic Embrittlement and Caustic Gouging - Chapter 18. Hydrogen Embrittlement - Chapter 19. Condensate Corrosion - Chapter 20.
Preboiler Corrosion - Chapter 21. Economizer Corrosion - Chapter 22. Super Heater and Turbine Corrosion - Chapter 23. Foaming, Priming & Carryover - PART - III. WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND TREATMENT PROGRAMS - Chapter 24.
Quality Requirements for Feed Water and Boiler Water - Chapter 25. Objectives of Boiler Water Treatment - Chapter 26. External Treatment and Internal Treatment - Chapter 27. Water Treatment programs - Guidelines - PART - IV.
EXTERNAL TREATMENT - Chapter 28. External Treatment - A Prelude - Chapter 29. Coagulation (Removal of Color, Turbidity and Suspended Matter) - Chapter 30. Filtration - Chapter 31. Softening by Chemical Method (Lime - Soda Softening) - Chapter 32. Ion Exchange Resins and Treatment Methods - Chapter 33.
Softening by Ion-Exchange Method - Chapter 34. Dealkalization - Chapter 35. Demineralization (Deionization) - Chapter 36. Mixed Bed Deionization - Chapter 37. Reverse Osmosis - Chapter 38. Evaporation - Chapter 39.
Silica Removal - Chapter 40. Oil Removal - Chapter 41. Condensate Treatment (Condensate Polishing) - Chapter 42. Deaeration (Mechanical Removal of Oxygen) - PART - V. INTERNAL TREATMENT - Chapter 43.
Internal Boiler Water Treatment - A Prelude - Chapter 44. Organic Polymers and Their Role as Scale Inhibitors, Dispersants and Sludge Conditioners in Boiler Water Treatment - Chapter 45.
Internal Treatment - Chemical Feeding - Chapter 46. Prevention of Scale Formation - Chapter 47.
Sludge Conditioning - Chapter 48. Prevention of Corrosion - An Introduction - Chapter 49. Prevention of Corrosion Due to Low pH - Chapter 50. Prevention of Pitting Corrosion Using Oxygen Scavengers (Chemical Removal of Oxygen) - Chapter 51. Prevention of Caustic Embrittlement and Caustic Gouging - Chapter 52.
Prevention of Chelant Corrosion - Chapter 53. Prevention of Condensate Corrosion - Chapter 54. Prevention of Pre-Boiler Corrosion - Chapter 55. Prevention of Economizer Corrosion - Chapter 56. Prevention of Foaming, Priming & Carryover - Chapter 57. Prevention of Silica Carryover - Chapter 58. Boiler Blow Down - PART - VI.
BOILER WATER TREATMENT - IMPORTANT CALCULATIONS - Chapter 59. Basic Conversion Factors - Chapter 60. Water Softening - Calculations - Chapter 61.
Cycles of Concentration, Blowdown, Feed Water and Makeup Water - Calculations - Chapter 62. Determination of Dosage of Chemicals - PART - VII.
BOILER START UP, CLEANING, LAY UP AND MAINTENANCE - Chapter 63. Boiler Startup (Pre-operational Cleaning) - Chapter 64. Descaling and Boiler Cleaning - Chapter 65. Boiler LayUp - Chapter 66. Boiler Maintenance - PART - VIII. CHEMICALS HANDLING, SOLUTION PREPARATION AND FEEDERS - Chapter 67.
Chemicals Handling and Storage - Chapter 68. Preparation of Solutions and Suspensions - Chapter 69. Chemical Feeders - PART - IX. ANALYSIS OF WATER AND STEAM - See Website for full Table of Contents www.chemical-publishing.com.
Author: Natarajan Manivasakam language: en Publisher: Release Date: 2011 PDF Download Practical Boiler Water Treatment Handbook Books For free written by Natarajan Manivasakam and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Boilers categories. Annotation PARTIAL CONTENTS - PART - I.
BOILER BASICS - Chapter 1. Boiler - An Introduction - Chapter 2. Classification of Boilers - Chapter 3. Common Terms and Explanation - PART - II. BOILER WATER TROUBLES - Chapter 4.
Impurities in Water and Their Effects - Chapter 5. Boiler Water Troubles - A Prelude - Chapter 6. Scale Formation - Chapter 7. Silica Carryover - Chapter 8. Scale Formation in Economizers - Chapter 9.
Super Heater and Turbine Deposits - Chapter 10. Corrosion - Basic Information - Chapter 11. General Corrosion (Overall Corrosion / Acidic Corrosion) - Chapter 12. Dissolved Oxygen Corrosion (Pitting Corrosion) - Chapter 13. Carbondioxide Corrosion - Chapter 14.
Corrosion caused by Unstable Salts - Chapter 15. Corrosion caused by Other Substances - Chapter 16. Corrosion caused by Chelants (Chelant Corrosion) - Chapter 17. Caustic Embrittlement and Caustic Gouging - Chapter 18. Hydrogen Embrittlement - Chapter 19. Condensate Corrosion - Chapter 20.
Preboiler Corrosion - Chapter 21. Economizer Corrosion - Chapter 22. Super Heater and Turbine Corrosion - Chapter 23. Foaming, Priming & Carryover - PART - III. WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND TREATMENT PROGRAMS - Chapter 24. Quality Requirements for Feed Water and Boiler Water - Chapter 25.
Objectives of Boiler Water Treatment - Chapter 26. External Treatment and Internal Treatment - Chapter 27. Water Treatment programs - Guidelines - PART - IV. EXTERNAL TREATMENT - Chapter 28.
External Treatment - A Prelude - Chapter 29. Coagulation (Removal of Color, Turbidity and Suspended Matter) - Chapter 30. Filtration - Chapter 31.
Softening by Chemical Method (Lime - Soda Softening) - Chapter 32. Ion Exchange Resins and Treatment Methods - Chapter 33. Softening by Ion-Exchange Method - Chapter 34. Dealkalization - Chapter 35.
Demineralization (Deionization) - Chapter 36. Mixed Bed Deionization - Chapter 37. Reverse Osmosis - Chapter 38. Evaporation - Chapter 39. Silica Removal - Chapter 40. Oil Removal - Chapter 41.
Condensate Treatment (Condensate Polishing) - Chapter 42. Deaeration (Mechanical Removal of Oxygen) - PART - V. INTERNAL TREATMENT - Chapter 43. Internal Boiler Water Treatment - A Prelude - Chapter 44. Organic Polymers and Their Role as Scale Inhibitors, Dispersants and Sludge Conditioners in Boiler Water Treatment - Chapter 45.
Internal Treatment - Chemical Feeding - Chapter 46. Prevention of Scale Formation - Chapter 47. Sludge Conditioning - Chapter 48. Prevention of Corrosion - An Introduction - Chapter 49. Prevention of Corrosion Due to Low pH - Chapter 50. Prevention of Pitting Corrosion Using Oxygen Scavengers (Chemical Removal of Oxygen) - Chapter 51. Prevention of Caustic Embrittlement and Caustic Gouging - Chapter 52.
Prevention of Chelant Corrosion - Chapter 53. Prevention of Condensate Corrosion - Chapter 54. Prevention of Pre-Boiler Corrosion - Chapter 55. Prevention of Economizer Corrosion - Chapter 56. Prevention of Foaming, Priming & Carryover - Chapter 57. Prevention of Silica Carryover - Chapter 58.
Boiler Blow Down - PART - VI. BOILER WATER TREATMENT - IMPORTANT CALCULATIONS - Chapter 59. Basic Conversion Factors - Chapter 60. Water Softening - Calculations - Chapter 61. Cycles of Concentration, Blowdown, Feed Water and Makeup Water - Calculations - Chapter 62. Determination of Dosage of Chemicals - PART - VII. BOILER START UP, CLEANING, LAY UP AND MAINTENANCE - Chapter 63.
Boiler Startup (Pre-operational Cleaning) - Chapter 64. Descaling and Boiler Cleaning - Chapter 65. Boiler LayUp - Chapter 66. Boiler Maintenance - PART - VIII. CHEMICALS HANDLING, SOLUTION PREPARATION AND FEEDERS - Chapter 67.
Chemicals Handling and Storage - Chapter 68. Preparation of Solutions and Suspensions - Chapter 69. Chemical Feeders - PART - IX. ANALYSIS OF WATER AND STEAM - See Website for full TOC. Author: MALLICK, AMIYA RANJAN language: en Publisher: PHI Learning Pvt. Release Date: 2015-08-31 PDF Download Practical Boiler Operation Engineering And Power Plant Fourth Edition Books For free written by MALLICK, AMIYA RANJAN and has been published by PHI Learning Pvt. This book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The fourth edition of the book is richer in contents presenting updated information on the fundamental aspects of various processes related to thermal power plants. The major thrust in the book is given on the hands-on procedure to deal with the normal and emergency situations during plant operation. Beginning from the fundamentals, the book, explores the vast concepts of boilers, steam turbines and other auxiliary systems. Following a simple text format and easy-to-grasp language, the book explicates various real-life situation-related topics involving operation, commissioning, maintenance, electrical and instrumentation of a power plant.
NEW TO THE FOURTH EDITION. The text now incorporates a new chapter on Environmental and Safety Aspects of Thermal Power Plants. New sections on Softener, Water Treatment of Supercritical Boiler, Wet Mode and Dry Mode Operation of Supercritical Boiler, Electromatic Pressure Relief Valve, Pressure Reducing and Desuperheating (PRDS) System, Orsat Apparatus, and Safety Interlocks and Auto Control Logics in Boiler have been added in related chapters. Several sections have been updated to provide the reader with the latest information. A new appendix on Important Information on Power Generation has been incorporated into the text. Dealing with all the latest coverage, the book is written to address the requirements of the undergraduate students of power plant engineering.
Besides this, the text would also cater to the needs of those candidates who are preparing for Boiler Operation Engineers (BOE) Examination and the undergraduate/postgraduate students who are pursuing courses in various power training institutes. The book will also be of immense use to the students of postgraduate diploma course in thermal power plant engineering.
KEY FEATURES. Covers almost all the functional areas of thermal power plants in its systematically arranged topics. Incorporates more than 500 self-test questions in chapter-end exercises to test the student’s grasp of the fundamental concepts and BOE Examination preparation. Involves numerous well-labelled diagrams throughout the book leading to easy learning. Provides several solved numerical problems that generally arise during the functioning of thermal power plants.
Author: Daniel J. Flynn language: en Publisher: McGraw-Hill Professional Release Date: 2009-08-12 PDF Download The Nalco Water Handbook Third Edition Books For free written by Daniel J. Flynn and has been published by McGraw-Hill Professional this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-12 with Technology & Engineering categories. An update of todays best guide to water use and conditioning.
The Third Edition of The Nalco Water Handbook offers you complete guidance on the use and conditioning of water and wastewater in any industrial or institutional facility. Reflecting major advances in technology, this updated classic covers basic water chemistry and shows how to improve water quality, water usage, and treatment processes. Emphasizing how things work, the Third Edition features new information on cooling systems, microbiological control, legionella, energy conservation, environmental hygiene, and steam generation problems and prevention. It also discusses new applications in pharmaceutical plants, the electronics industry, groundwater and acid rain treatments, and more. Author: Brad Buecker language: en Publisher: PennWell Books Release Date: 1997 PDF Download Power Plant Water Chemistry Books For free written by Brad Buecker and has been published by PennWell Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Technology & Engineering categories. Plant efficiency and profitability depend on avoiding such problems as pH extremes, oxygen scavenging, corrosion, scale, and contamination. This practical handbook provides detailed discussion and examples of solutions to water chemistry problems in power plant boilers.
Formulas and calculations are provided for each area of concern. Contents: Introduction to steam generation to water chemistry systems; Condensate feedwater chemistry; Boiler water chemistry; Steam chemistry; High-purity makeup water treatment; Cooling water chemistry; Sampling. Author: Colin Frayne language: en Publisher: Release Date: 2010-03-15 PDF Download Cooling Water Treatment Principles And Practice Books For free written by Colin Frayne and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-15 with Technology & Engineering categories. This title is the companion guide to Cooling Water Treatment: Principles and Practices by Colin Frayne (ISBN 978-0-8206-0370-4). Author: Duncan Richardson language: en Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional Release Date: 2013-07-22 PDF Download Plant Equipment Maintenance Engineering Handbook Books For free written by Duncan Richardson and has been published by McGraw Hill Professional this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-22 with Technology & Engineering categories. The Best On-the-Job Guide to Industrial Plant Equipment and Systems This practical, one-of-a-kind field manual explains how equipment in industrial facilities operates and covers all aspects of commissioning relevant to engineers and project managers.
Plant Equipment and Maintenance Engineering Handbook contains a data log of all major industrial and power plant components, describes how they function, and includes rules of thumb for operation. Hundreds of handy reference materials, such as calculations and tables, plus a comprehensive listing of electrical parts with common supplier nomenclature are also included in this time-saving resource. FEATURES DETAILED COVERAGE OF: Compressors. Air conditioning. Ash handling.
Bearings and lubrication. Boilers. Chemical cleaning and Flushing. Condensers and circulating water systems.
Controls. Conveyor systems. Cooling towers. Corrosion Deaerators.
Diesel and gas turbines. Electrical. Fans.
Fire protection. Fuels and combustion.
Piping. Pumps Turbines. Vibration.
Water treatment.
E., CMC is a chemical engineer with an insider's view of manufacturing and commercial operations. Her work as a consultant has provided insight into the challenges to remain competitive in industrial operations, especially refining and petrochemical.
She is an acknowledged expert in industrial and commercial water quality with numerous publications, including a book, 'Operating Practices in Industrial Water Management, Influent Water Systems,' the first of a four book series. Electrocoagulation is a complex process with a multitude of mechanisms operating synergistically to remove pollutants from the water. A wide variety of opinions exist in the literature for key mechanisms and reactor configurations.
A lack of a systematic approach has resulted in a myriad of designs for electrocoagulation reactors without due consideration of the complexity of the system. A systematic, holistic approach is required to understand electrocoagulation and its controlling parameters. This will enable a priori prediction of the treatment of various pollutant types. A boiler is an enclosed vessel that provides a means for combustion heat to be transferred to water until it becomes heated water or steam. The hot water or steam under pressure is then usable for transferring the heat to a process.
Water is a useful and inexpensive medium for transferring heat to a process. When water at atmospheric pressure is boiled into steam its volume increases about 1,600 times, producing a force that is almost as explosive as gunpowder.
This causes the boiler to be an equipment that must be treated with utmost care. The first and second addenda, which update the third edition, have been incorporated in this volume. The first addedum includes more guidance on management of emergencies and unforeseen events, additions concerning chlorination by-products and developing standards for volatile substances, and several new fact sheets for chemical substances. The second addendum includes more guidance on household water management, rainwater harvesting, vended water, temporary water supplies, and pesticides used for vector control in drinking water sources. It also includes a series of new microbial and chemical fact sheets.
Moreover, “expanded” fact sheets are included for key chemical risks such as arsenic, fluoride and nitrate/nitrite. The cost of municipal water treatment due to diminished water quality represents an important component of the societal costs of water pollution. Here, the chemical costs of municipal water treatment are expressed as a function of raw surface water quality.
Data are used for a three year period for 12 water treatment plants in Texas. Results show that when regional raw water contamination is present, the chemical cost of water treatment is increased by $95 per million gallons from a base of $75. A one percent increase in turbidity is shown to increase chemical costs by one fourth of a percent. BOILER BASICS - PART – II. BOILER WATER TROUBLES - PART – III. WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND TREATMENT PROGRAMS - PART – IV. EXTERNAL TREATMENT - PART – V.
INTERNAL TREATMENT - PART – VI. BOILER WATER TREATMENT – IMPORTANT CALCULATIONS - PART – VII. BOILER STARTUP, CLEANING, LAYUP AND MAINTENANCE - PART – VIII. CHEMICALS HANDLING, SOLUTION PREPARATION AND FEEDERS - PART – IX. ANALYSIS OF WATER AND STEAM CONTENTS - PART – I. BOILER BASICS - Chapter 1.
Boiler – An Introduction - Chapter 2. Classification of Boilers - Chapter 3. Common Terms and Explanation - PART – II. BOILER WATER TROUBLES - Chapter 4. Impurities in Water and Their Effects - Chapter 5. Boiler Water Troubles – A Prelude - Chapter 6.
Scale Formation - Chapter 7. Silica Carryover - Chapter 8. Scale Formation in Economizers - Chapter 9. Super Heater and Turbine Deposits - Chapter 10. Corrosion – Basic Information - Chapter 11.
General Corrosion (Overall Corrosion / Acidic Corrosion) - Chapter 12. Dissolved Oxygen Corrosion (Pitting Corrosion) - Chapter 13. Carbondioxide Corrosion - Chapter 14. Corrosion caused by Unstable Salts - Chapter 15. Corrosion caused by Other Substances - Chapter 16.
Corrosion caused by Chelants (Chelant Corrosion) - Chapter 17. Caustic Embrittlement and Caustic Gouging - Chapter 18.
Hydrogen Embrittlement - Chapter 19. Condensate Corrosion - Chapter 20. Preboiler Corrosion - Chapter 21. Economizer Corrosion - Chapter 22. Super Heater and Turbine Corrosion - Chapter 23.
Foaming, Priming & Carryover - PART – III. WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND TREATMENT PROGRAMS - Chapter 24.
Quality Requirements for Feed Water and Boiler Water - Chapter 25. Objectives of Boiler Water Treatment - Chapter 26. External Treatment and Internal Treatment - Chapter 27. Water Treatment programs – Guidelines - PART – IV. EXTERNAL TREATMENT - Chapter 28. External Treatment – A Prelude - Chapter 29. Coagulation (Removal of Color, Turbidity and Suspended Matter) - Chapter 30.
Filtration - Chapter 31. Softening by Chemical Method (Lime – Soda Softening) - Chapter 32. Ion Exchange Resins and Treatment Methods - Chapter 33. Softening by Ion–Exchange Method - Chapter 34. Dealkalization - Chapter 35. Demineralization (Deionization) - Chapter 36.
Mixed Bed Deionization - Chapter 37. Reverse Osmosis - Chapter 38.
Evaporation - Chapter 39. Silica Removal - Chapter 40. Oil Removal - Chapter 41. Condensate Treatment (Condensate Polishing) - Chapter 42.
Deaeration (Mechanical Removal of Oxygen) - PART – V. INTERNAL TREATMENT - Chapter 43. Internal Boiler Water Treatment – A Prelude - Chapter 44. Organic Polymers and Their Role as Scale Inhibitors, Dispersants and Sludge Conditioners in Boiler Water Treatment - Chapter 45. Internal Treatment – Chemical Feeding - Chapter 46.
Prevention of Scale Formation - Chapter 47. Sludge Conditioning - Chapter 48. Prevention of Corrosion – An Introduction - Chapter 49. Prevention of Corrosion Due to Low pH - Chapter 50. Prevention of Pitting Corrosion Using Oxygen Scavengers (Chemical Removal of Oxygen) - Chapter 51.
Prevention of Caustic Embrittlement and Caustic Gouging - Chapter 52. Prevention of Chelant Corrosion - Chapter 53. Prevention of Condensate Corrosion - Chapter 54. Prevention of Pre–Boiler Corrosion - Chapter 55. Prevention of Economizer Corrosion - Chapter 56.
Prevention of Foaming, Priming & Carryover - Chapter 57. Prevention of Silica Carryover - Chapter 58. Boiler Blow Down - PART – VI. BOILER WATER TREATMENT – IMPORTANT CALCULATIONS - Chapter 59. Basic Conversion Factors - Chapter 60. Water Softening – Calculations - Chapter 61. Cycles of Concentration, Blowdown, Feed Water and Makeup Water – Calculations - Chapter 62.
Determination of Dosage of Chemicals - PART – VII. BOILER START UP, CLEANING, LAY UP AND MAINTENANCE - Chapter 63. Boiler Startup (Pre-operational Cleaning) - Chapter 64.
Descaling and Boiler Cleaning - Chapter 65. Boiler LayUp - Chapter 66. Boiler Maintenance - PART – VIII. CHEMICALS HANDLING, SOLUTION PREPARATION AND FEEDERS - Chapter 67. Chemicals Handling and Storage - Chapter 68. Preparation of Solutions and Suspensions - Chapter 69. Chemical Feeders - PART – IX.
ANALYSIS OF WATER AND STEAM - Chapter 70. Control Parameters and Testing Schedule - Chapter 71.
Collection of Samples - Chapter 72. Sampling of Boiler Water - Chapter 73. Expression of Results - Chapter 74. Electrical Conductivity - Chapter 75. Dissolved Solids - Chapter 76. PH Value - Chapter 77.
Acidity - Chapter 78. Free Carbondioxide - Chapter 79. Equivalent Mineral Acidity - Chapter 80. Alkalinity - Chapter 81. Hardness (Total) - Chapter 82. Calcium - Chapter 83. Magnesium - Chapter 84.
Sodium - Chapter 85. Iron (Total) - Chapter 86. Copper - Chapter 87.
Sulfate - Chapter 88. Chloride - Chapter 89. Silica - Chapter 90.
Dissolved Oxygen - Chapter 91. Oxygen Absorbed (or) Permanganate Value - Chapter 92. Oils & Grease - Chapter 93. Phosphate - Chapter 94.
Sulfite - Chapter 95. Hydrazine - Chapter 96. Residual Chelant (EDTA) - Chapter 97.
Langelier Saturation Index, Ryznar Stability Index and Puckorius Scaling Index - Chapter 98. Coagulant Demand (or) Jar Test - Chapter 99.
Silt Density Index SDI (or) Fouling Index - Chapter 100. Measurement of Steam Purity - Bibliography - Appendix - Index. The rapid growth of world population — doubling every 20 years and currently heading for 7 billion people — means significantly increased global water use and resultant decrease in availability on a per capita basis. Couple this with the fact that Brazil, Russia, India and China (collectively known as the BRIC countries), and countries in Southeast Asia such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam have both very young populations — all wanting the trappings of Western life — and are rapidly building up their own water-demanding industries and infrastructures. It is becoming clearer day by day that there soon will not be adequate readily available fresh water for all of us on this planet!
As a response to the unsustainable climate and resources position within which we find ourselves, in recent years, various national and international “green” organizations have sprung up. These organizations, focused on promoting conservation and sustainability, have developed best practices such as “green” water management programs for water-based heat-transfer systems. Also, the U.S. Department of Energy provides free Internet-based software for industrial water and energy assessments, optimization and savings. Increasing cycles of concentration can allow processors to reuse waters and minimize water use.
The typical practical contaminant maximums in recirculating cooling water are shown. Alkalinity: total alkalinity (M alkalinity). A practical limit is often 500 mg/L as CaCO 3, although up to 800 mg/L CaCO 3might be achievable, depending upon water chemistry. Ammonia (NH 3).Up to 20 to 40 mg/L can be tolerated if the copper content is low, water temperatures are not too high, good microbiological control is maintained, and waterside surfaces are kept clean. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Say, less than 100 mg/L. Calcium. A practical limit for total hardness is often 600 mg/L as CaCO 3, although with top quality inhibitors and tight control, up to 1200 mg/L as CaCO 3 might be achievable.
Chlorides. The lower the better, as chloride is a depassivating ion and reduces the corrosion resistance of many constructional metals. Perhaps 500-600 mg/L chloride in carbon steel systems, but only 200 mg/L maximum in systems containing 304 stainless steel. Also, the system metal surfaces must be kept scrupulously clean!. Iron. Iron salts (and to a lesser extent manganese salts) are often to be found in recovered waters and can be ignored unless the level rises to perhaps 0.3 mg/L or more. Oil, Solvents and Hydrocarbons. Even small traces of oil can reduce chemical inhibitor performance and impede heat transfer and therefore must be eliminated.
pH. Typically, from pH 7.0 to 90.0. Phosphate. Phosphate in recovered waters can often be used as the basis of a chemical inhibitor program. Say 2-3 mg/L total PO 4.
Silica. The limit of solubility in recirculating cooling water is typically around 150 to 175 mg/L and should not be exceeded. Sulfate. Sulfates are causative agents (along with oxygen, hydrogen, etc.) of various types of concentration cell corrosion, Usually, say, 1800 mg/L is the maximum limit but this varies with several factors. Up to 2,300 mg/L has been tolerated in suitably conditioned systems. Suspended solids (SS). Maximum tolerated levels of SS in recirculating water is perhaps 50 to 60 mg/L.
Book is divided into the following parts: PART – I. BOILER BASICS - PART – II. BOILER WATER TROUBLES - PART – III. WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND TREATMENT PROGRAMS - PART – IV. EXTERNAL TREATMENT - PART – V.
INTERNAL TREATMENT - PART – VI. BOILER WATER TREATMENT – IMPORTANT CALCULATIONS - PART – VII. BOILER STARTUP, CLEANING, LAYUP AND MAINTENANCE - PART – VIII. CHEMICALS HANDLING, SOLUTION PREPARATION AND FEEDERS - PART – IX.
ANALYSIS OF WATER AND STEAM CONTENTS - PART – I. BOILER BASICS - Chapter 1. Boiler – An Introduction - Chapter 2. Classification of Boilers - Chapter 3. Common Terms and Explanation - PART – II. BOILER WATER TROUBLES - Chapter 4. Impurities in Water and Their Effects - Chapter 5.
Boiler Water Troubles – A Prelude - Chapter 6. Scale Formation - Chapter 7. Silica Carryover - Chapter 8. Scale Formation in Economizers - Chapter 9.
Razer Audio. Super Heater and Turbine Deposits - Chapter 10. Corrosion – Basic Information - Chapter 11. General Corrosion (Overall Corrosion / Acidic Corrosion) - Chapter 12. Dissolved Oxygen Corrosion (Pitting Corrosion) - Chapter 13. Carbondioxide Corrosion - Chapter 14. Corrosion caused by Unstable Salts - Chapter 15. Corrosion caused by Other Substances - Chapter 16.
Corrosion caused by Chelants (Chelant Corrosion) - Chapter 17. Caustic Embrittlement and Caustic Gouging - Chapter 18. Hydrogen Embrittlement - Chapter 19. Condensate Corrosion - Chapter 20. Preboiler Corrosion - Chapter 21. Economizer Corrosion - Chapter 22. Super Heater and Turbine Corrosion - Chapter 23.
Foaming, Priming & Carryover - PART – III. WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND TREATMENT PROGRAMS - Chapter 24. Quality Requirements for Feed Water and Boiler Water - Chapter 25. Objectives of Boiler Water Treatment - Chapter 26. External Treatment and Internal Treatment - Chapter 27. Water Treatment programs – Guidelines - PART – IV.
EXTERNAL TREATMENT - Chapter 28. External Treatment – A Prelude - Chapter 29. Coagulation (Removal of Color, Turbidity and Suspended Matter) - Chapter 30.
Filtration - Chapter 31. Softening by Chemical Method (Lime – Soda Softening) - Chapter 32. Ion Exchange Resins and Treatment Methods - Chapter 33. Softening by Ion–Exchange Method - Chapter 34. Dealkalization - Chapter 35.
Demineralization (Deionization) - Chapter 36. Mixed Bed Deionization - Chapter 37. Reverse Osmosis - Chapter 38. Evaporation - Chapter 39.
Silica Removal - Chapter 40. Oil Removal - Chapter 41. Condensate Treatment (Condensate Polishing) - Chapter 42. Deaeration (Mechanical Removal of Oxygen) - PART – V. INTERNAL TREATMENT - Chapter 43. Internal Boiler Water Treatment – A Prelude - Chapter 44.
Boiler Water Treatment Chemicals
Organic Polymers and Their Role as Scale Inhibitors, Dispersants and Sludge Conditioners in Boiler Water Treatment - Chapter 45. Internal Treatment – Chemical Feeding - Chapter 46. Prevention of Scale Formation - Chapter 47.
Sludge Conditioning - Chapter 48. Prevention of Corrosion – An Introduction - Chapter 49. Prevention of Corrosion Due to Low pH - Chapter 50. Prevention of Pitting Corrosion Using Oxygen Scavengers (Chemical Removal of Oxygen) - Chapter 51. Prevention of Caustic Embrittlement and Caustic Gouging - Chapter 52. Prevention of Chelant Corrosion - Chapter 53.
Prevention of Condensate Corrosion - Chapter 54. Prevention of Pre–Boiler Corrosion - Chapter 55. Prevention of Economizer Corrosion - Chapter 56. Prevention of Foaming, Priming & Carryover - Chapter 57. Prevention of Silica Carryover - Chapter 58.
Boiler Blow Down - PART – VI. BOILER WATER TREATMENT – IMPORTANT CALCULATIONS - Chapter 59. Basic Conversion Factors - Chapter 60.
Water Softening – Calculations - Chapter 61. Cycles of Concentration, Blowdown, Feed Water and Makeup Water – Calculations - Chapter 62. Determination of Dosage of Chemicals - PART – VII. BOILER START UP, CLEANING, LAY UP AND MAINTENANCE - Chapter 63. Boiler Startup (Pre-operational Cleaning) - Chapter 64.
Descaling and Boiler Cleaning - Chapter 65. Boiler LayUp - Chapter 66.
Boiler Maintenance - PART – VIII. CHEMICALS HANDLING, SOLUTION PREPARATION AND FEEDERS - Chapter 67.
Chemicals Handling and Storage - Chapter 68. Preparation of Solutions and Suspensions - Chapter 69. Chemical Feeders - PART – IX. ANALYSIS OF WATER AND STEAM - Chapter 70. Control Parameters and Testing Schedule - Chapter 71.
Collection of Samples - Chapter 72. Sampling of Boiler Water - Chapter 73. Expression of Results - Chapter 74. Electrical Conductivity - Chapter 75. Dissolved Solids - Chapter 76. PH Value - Chapter 77. Acidity - Chapter 78.
Free Carbondioxide - Chapter 79. Equivalent Mineral Acidity - Chapter 80. Alkalinity - Chapter 81. Hardness (Total) - Chapter 82. Calcium - Chapter 83. Magnesium - Chapter 84.
Sodium - Chapter 85. Iron (Total) - Chapter 86. Copper - Chapter 87. Sulfate - Chapter 88.
Chloride - Chapter 89. Silica - Chapter 90. Dissolved Oxygen - Chapter 91. Oxygen Absorbed (or) Permanganate Value - Chapter 92. Oils & Grease - Chapter 93. Phosphate - Chapter 94.
Sulfite - Chapter 95. Hydrazine - Chapter 96. Residual Chelant (EDTA) - Chapter 97. Langelier Saturation Index, Ryznar Stability Index and Puckorius Scaling Index - Chapter 98.
Coagulant Demand (or) Jar Test - Chapter 99. Silt Density Index SDI (or) Fouling Index - Chapter 100. Measurement of Steam Purity - Bibliography - Appendix - Index - Related Products.
By: Daniel Flynn Abstract: An update of today’s best guide to water use and conditioning. The Third Edition of The Nalco Water Handbook offers you complete guidance on the use and conditioning of water and wastewater in any industrial or institutional facility. Reflectingmajor advances in technology, this updated classic covers basic water chemistry and shows how to improve water quality, water usage, and treatment processes. Emphasizing “how things work,' the Third Edition features new information on cooling systems, microbiological control, legionella, energy conservation, environmental hygiene, and steam generation problems and prevention. It also discusses new applications in pharmaceutical plants, the electronics industry, groundwater and acid rain treatments, and more.
Tools & Media. Expanded Table of Contents. A. 3. 7.
10. 11.
12. 14. 16. 17. 18.
19. 20. 22.
Nalco Boiler Water Treatment Handbook
23. 24. 25. 26.
29. 30. 31.
32. 33. 34.
37. 38. 41. A. Title: Nalco Water Handbook, Third Edition Publisher: McGraw-Hill: New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Mexico City, Milan, New Delhi, San Juan, Seoul, Singapore, Sydney, Toronto Copyright / Pub. Date: 2009, 1988, 1979 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN: 830 Authors: Daniel Flynn is the author of this McGraw-Hill Professional publication.
Description: An update of today’s best guide to water use and conditioning. The Third Edition of The Nalco Water Handbook offers you complete guidance on the use and conditioning of water and wastewater in any industrial or institutional facility. Reflectingmajor advances in technology, this updated classic covers basic water chemistry and shows how to improve water quality, water usage, and treatment processes.
Emphasizing “how things work,' the Third Edition features new information on cooling systems, microbiological control, legionella, energy conservation, environmental hygiene, and steam generation problems and prevention. It also discusses new applications in pharmaceutical plants, the electronics industry, groundwater and acid rain treatments, and more.
By: Duncan C. Richardson, PE, Abstract: This practical, one-of-a-kind field manual explains how equipment in industrial facilities operates and covers all aspects of commissioning relevant to engineers and project managers. Plant Equipment and Maintenance Engineering Handbook contains a data log of all major industrial and power plant components, describes how they function, and includes rules of thumb for operation.
Hundreds of handy reference materials, such as calculations and tables, plus a comprehensive listing of electrical parts with common supplier nomenclature are also included in this time-saving resource. Tools & Media.
Expanded Table of Contents. A. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 9.
10. 11. 12. 13.
15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
21. 22. A. H. Title: Plant Equipment and Maintenance Engineering Handbook Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education: New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Athens, London, Madrid, Mexico City, Milan, New Delhi, Singapore, Sydney, Toronto Copyright / Pub.
Date: 2014 McGraw-Hill Education ISBN: 894 Authors: Duncan C. Richardson, PE, has worked 43 years in engineering, construction, and commissioning of heavy industrial facilities. Prior to becoming an engineer he was a full-time journeyman craftsman and technical writer for 12 years.
He is licensed by NCEES as a professional engineer in six states and also has 10 construction licenses by state examination. He is presently working for PGESCo (Power Generation Engineering and Services Company) under a consulting contract with First Egyptian Engineering. Having participated in over 100 industrial engineering and construction projects, 40 of which were power plants and often as manager supervising all disciplines, his industry experience includes process, plant, maintenance, and infrastructure engineering in mining and desalination, water treatment engineering (including in the Red Zone in Iraq), and power engineering in the United States, South America, the Middle East, and Asia. Richardson has worked for such companies as Bechtel Corporation, El Paso Energy, and Portland General Electric; conducted formal classroom and on-the-job training for operations and maintenance plant personnel; and started and ran an independent engineering consulting firm. Description: This practical, one-of-a-kind field manual explains how equipment in industrial facilities operates and covers all aspects of commissioning relevant to engineers and project managers.
Plant Equipment and Maintenance Engineering Handbook contains a data log of all major industrial and power plant components, describes how they function, and includes rules of thumb for operation. Hundreds of handy reference materials, such as calculations and tables, plus a comprehensive listing of electrical parts with common supplier nomenclature are also included in this time-saving resource.